AC Bridge Circuits :: Papers

Air conditioning Bridge Circuits As we saw with DC estimation circuits, the circuit setup known as an extension can be a helpful method to gauge obscure qualities of opposition. This is valid with AC too, and we can apply the very same standard to the precise estimation of obscure impedances. To survey, the extension circuit functions as a couple of two-segment voltage dividers associated over a similar source voltage, with a invalid identifier meter development associated between them to demonstrate a state of balance at zero volts: [IMAGE] Any of the four resistors in the above extension can be the resistor of obscure worth, and its worth can be controlled by a proportion of the other three, which are adjusted, or whose protections are known to an exact degree. At the point when the extension is in a fair condition (zero voltage as demonstrated by the invalid locator), the proportion works out to be this: [IMAGE] One of the upsides of utilizing a scaffold circuit to quantify opposition is that the voltage of the force source is superfluous. For all intents and purposes talking, the higher the flexibly voltage, the simpler it is to recognize a state of irregularity between the four resistors with the invalid finder, and along these lines the more delicate it will be. A more noteworthy gracefully voltage prompts the chance of expanded estimation accuracy. Notwithstanding, there will be no principal mistake presented because of a lesser or more noteworthy force flexibly voltage not at all like different kinds of obstruction estimation plans. Impedance spans work the equivalent, just the parity condition is with complex amounts, as both greatness and stage over the parts of the two dividers must be equivalent all together for the invalid indicator to designate zero. The invalid indicator, obviously, must be a gadget fit for distinguishing exceptionally little AC voltages. An oscilloscope is regularly utilized for this, albeit exceptionally delicate electromechanical meter developments and even earphones (little speakers) might be utilized if the source recurrence is inside sound range. One approach to expand the viability of sound earphones as an invalid

Jane Fonda in North Vietnam - Myths of Womens History

Jane Fonda in North Vietnam - Myths of Women's History They began coming in the winter of 1999: messages getting some information about the book, composed by Barbara Walters, effectively distributed and the premise of a TV uncommon audited on this site: 100 Women of the Century. (Ive never been clear how one takes care of a book that is as of now been distributed and sold. I dont think these individuals truly needed to seize and wreck all duplicates, did they?) The dissent was over the incorporation of Jane Fonda in the book and extraordinary. Id cited Fonda in my audit, along these lines: Who did Jane Fonda state flew into her psyche as the most persuasive lady of the century? Coco Chanel! Fonda clarifies: And heres why: She liberated us from the bodice. Honestly, I thought anybody perusing that statement was probably going to leave away with this end: Jane Fonda was not actually the brainiest analyst on the historical backdrop of ladies in the twentieth century, and not actually a prime contender for choice as one of the 100 most persuasive ladies of the century! In any case, I surmise since I included Jane Fonda in that audit, these Jane Fonda messages began to pour in. There are less of them now, however they proceed to come, and sadly I presume Ill get increasingly subsequent to distributing this article, from reporters who dont read cautiously. A case of one I got, in the wake of composing the above words, from a Carl R. Brucker, incorporates these words: By what method can a lady who belittled the Vietnamese Army during war time be regarded? You media publicicts need to have your heads analyzed and your energy addressed, possibly your citizenship! What upset these essayists to such an extent? Heres the email that they sent to me - its additionally recreated in numerous spots on the web: Jane Fonda is being regarded as one of the 100 Women of the Century. Shockingly, many have overlooked and still incalculable others have never known how Ms. Fonda sold out the possibility of our nation, yet explicit men who served and yielded during Vietnam. Some portion of my conviction originates from individual introduction to the individuals who endured her considerations. The initial segment of this is from a F-4E pilot. The pilots name is Jerry Driscoll, a River Rat. In 1968, the previous Commandant of the USAF Survival School was a POW in Ho Lo Prison - the Hanoi Hilton. Hauled from a smelling cesspit of a cell, cleaned, took care of, and wearing clean PJs, he was requested to depict for a meeting American Peace Activist the permissive and others conscious treatment hed got. He spat at Ms. Fonda, and was clubbed and hauled away. During the resulting beating, he fell forward upon the camp Commandants feet, which sent that official crazy. In 78, the AF Col despite everything experienced twofold vision (which for all time finished his flying days) from the Vietnamese Cols furious utilization of a wooden implement. Col Larry Carrigan was in the 47FW/DO (F-4Es). He went through 6 years in the Hilton - the initial three of which he was long gone. His better half lived on trust that he was as yet alive. His gathering, as well, got the cleaned/took care of/dressed daily schedule in anticipation of a harmony assignment visit. They, in any case, had time and formulated an arrangement to get word to the world that they despite everything endure. Each man discharged a little bit of paper, with his SSN on it, in the palm of his hand. When marched before Ms. Fonda and a camera man, she pushed the limits, shaking every keeps an eye close by and asking small reassuring bits like: Arent you sorry you shelled children? what's more, Are you thankful for the compassionate treatment from your big-hearted captors? Accepting this HAD to be a demonstration, they each palmed her their bits of paper. She took them all without overlooking anything. Toward the stopping point and once the camera quit moving, to the stu nned skepticism of the POWs, she went to the official in control... furthermore, gave him the little heap of papers. Three men passed on from the ensuing beatings. Col Carrigan was practically number four. In any case, he endure... which is the main explanation we think about her activities that day. I was a non military personnel monetary improvement counsel in Vietnam, and was caught by the North Vietnamese socialists in South Vietnam in 1968 and held for more than 5 years. I went through 27 months in isolation, one year in an enclosure in Cambodia, and one year in a black box in Hanoi. My North Vietnamese captors intentionally harmed and killed a female evangelist, a medical attendant in a leprosarium in Ban me Thuot, South Vietnam, whom I covered in the wilderness close to the Cambodian fringe. At one time I weighed roughly 90 lbsâ -my ordinary weight is 170 lbs. We were Jane Fondas war lawbreakers. When Jane Fonda was in Hanoi, I was asked by the camp socialist political official on the off chance that I would meet with Jane Fonda. I said truly, that I might want to enlighten her regarding the genuine treatment we POWs were getting, which was far unique in relation to the treatment implied by the North Vietnamese, and parroted by Jane Fonda, as others conscious and permissi ve. Along these lines, I went through three days on a rough floor on my knees with outstretched arms with a lot of steel put on my hands, and beaten with a bamboo stick each time my arms plunged. I had the chance to meet with Jane Fonda for several hours after I was discharged. I inquired as to whether she would discuss me on TV. She didn't answer me. This doesn't represent somebody who ought to be regarded as a major aspect of 100 Years of Great Women. In case we forget...100 Years of Great Women ought to never incorporate a double crosser whose hands are secured with the blood of such a large number of loyalists. There are not many things I have solid instinctive responses to, yet Hanoi Janes investment in glaring treachery is one of them. If you don't mind set aside the effort to advance to the same number of individuals as you can. It will in the long run end up on her PC and she has to realize that we will always remember. First of all: any email that says Please set aside the effort to advance to the same number of individuals as you can is most likely, best case scenario a misrepresentation, even under the least favorable conditions a through and through trick. (I generally browse comparable messages atâ http://urbanlegends.about.comâ before passing them along, and I look at charges of infections atâ http://antivirus.about.comâ as well. The vast majority of those terrified forward this wherever messages are fabrications or since quite a while ago lapsed petitions.) Looking at It At the point when I began getting these Jane Fonda messages, I sent one to David Emery, Abouts Guide to Urban Legends. David deliberately looked at the storiesâ in the Jane Fondaâ email,â and found thatâ the initial two are falseâ -the ones where servicemen really kicked the bucket. I rehash -  those stories have been exposed, and their misrepresentation affirmed by the alleged wellsprings of the narratives. The last one - where a serviceman was beaten in light of the fact that he said hed meet with Jane Fonda and disclose to her really about conditions in a POW camp - is affirmed asâ true,â but didn't include Fondas direct activity by any stretch of the imagination. Its intriguing, however, to perceive how tenacious these Jane Fonda legends stay, in spite of the endeavors of Davids site and others to expose them. I strikingly recollect Jane Fondas outing to North Vietnam, as announced in the media. I recollect advocates and rivals of the war the same discovering her activities tacky, poorly considered, and significantly rude of Americans serving in Vietnam. In any case, I positively didnt believe that her demonstration would produce such vitality almost thirty years after the fact. At the point when I composed the audit of Barbara Walters book in 1999, I imagined that including Jane Fonda as one of the most powerful ladies of the twentieth century was somewhat senseless, a case of the inclination for performers that Walters appeared in her choices. Barbara Walters incorporated a few ladies much more infamous than Jane Fonda: Madame Mao and Leni Riefenstahl, for example. The book was about persuasive and significant ladies - not just magnificent ladies who ought to be held up as good examples. Walters says in the book that she included Fonda for her commitment to bringing exercise into wide practice among ladies - not for her political perspectives! By the by, I didnt think Jane Fonda merited incorporation as one of the 100 most compelling ladies of the century. In any case, the ingenuity of this Jane Fonda email, and the away from of the numerous who keep on disseminating it and who keep on accepting that Jane Fonda ought to be gone after for injustice for her excursion to North Vietnam, have persuaded me in any case. Jane Fonda is compelling a long ways past what Idâ thought,â if she can keep on creating this degree of movement! Theâ wholeâ story on this email legend and why the initial 66% isn't believable: Hanoi Jane Rumors Blend Fact and Fiction Update As of this composition, quite a while after first distributing this article, the rushes of appropriation of the Jane Fonda email have reduced to some degree. Maybe this article has had the option to have an impact in getting individuals to contemplate an issue that conveys a great deal of emotionalâ weight. Be that as it may, at whatever point Jane Fonda is in the news, the incorrect messages return. To utilize the case of Mr. Brucker, whose email I excerpted on page 1 of this article: Hes still clearly persuaded that Im respecting Fonda in spite of perusing a previous form of this article, neglecting to comprehend the distinction between expounding on somebody and regarding them (or as yet being befuddled about the contrast among myself and the writer of a book I referenced). More terrible than his misconception is the suggestion that any individual who distributes something about Fonda may need to have their citizenship addressed. What an affront to those individuals who have served in Americas military, thinking they were doing as such to advance a free society, in which dispute is conceivable, and positively where the expounding on a discussion isnt sensible reason for testing ones citizenship or nationalism.

New orleans after hurricane Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

New orleans after tropical storm - Essay Example Numerous individuals in New Orleans experience post awful pressure and need a ton of help and directing to manage this issue as indicated by Rhoads, Pearman, and Rick (Nd). Nourishment and digestion center around nourishment and liquid utilization designs corresponding to the metabolic needs as indicated by Daniels and Daniels (2004). This includes assessment of neighborhood supplement supplies and their ampleness. In New Orleans, new eateries have been set up just as better than ever sorts of nourishments, for example, praline, red beans and rice. The Foods Policy Advisory Committee has been built up by the City Council of New Orleans to examine access to wellbeing nourishment get to and decrease abberations experienced in getting to sound nourishment. Different issues, for example, issues identified with tissue honesty, gastrointestinal framework, liquid equalization and host guard are likewise distinguished through this example. End is where information assortment centers around e xamples of discharge (Sonoma, nd). In New Orleans excretory issues including looseness of the bowels and clogging were experienced because of differences in nourishment access after the tropical storms. Information assortment is done yearly by specialists in the wellbeing area to set up changes in nourishment utilization in New Orleans.

Cross-Culture Issues in Business Communication - Free Essay Example

Cross-culture Issues in Business Communication Introduction When travelling in other countries, we often perceive differences in the way people live and work. In the United States dinner is commonly eaten around 6. 00pm; in Spain, it’s not served until 8. 00 or 9. 00pm. In the United States most people shop in large supermarket once or twice a week; Italians tend to shop in smaller grocery stores nearly every day. Everybody has their own culture so businesspeople must keep in mind of their client’s culture. This paper exploring the aesthetics, values and attitudes, manners and customs and language of cultural will affect business practices and national competitiveness. Background Cultural can be grouped into two kinds, such as nation-culture and subcultures. Nation-states support the concept of a national culture by building museums and monuments to preserve the legacies of important events and people. Nation-state also intervenes in business to help preserve their nation cultures. Most nations, for example, regulate culturally sensitive sectors of the economy, such as filmmaking and broadcasting. France continues to voice fears that its language is being tainted with English and its media with U. S. programming. To stem the English invasion, French laws limit the use of English in product packaging and storefront signs. At peak listening times, at least 40 percent of all radio station programming must be reserved for French artists. Similar laws apply to television broadcasting. The French government even fined the local branch of a U. S. university for failing to provide French translation in its English-language site on the World Wide Web. A group of people who share a unique way of life within a larger, dominant culture is called a subculture. Companies must be mindful of subcultures when formulating business strategies. For instance, the customary portrait of Chinese culture often ignores the fact that the total population of China is comprised of more than 50 distinct ethnic groups. Decisions regarding product design, packaging and advertising must consider each group’s distinct culture. Aesthetics Issues Aesthetics is what a culture considers to be in â€Å"good taste† in the arts, the imagery evoked by certain expressions, and the symbolism of certain colours. Aesthetics played an important role in business communication when a firm considers doing business in another culture. Firms must control on selection of appropriate colours for product packaging, advertisement, workers uniform and even the website design to make way of success in their business. For example, red is the favorite colour for Chinese. They believe that red will bring luck to them while for Malays, they love green. Across much of Asia, on the other hand, green associated with sickness. Most of the countries taking black colour as the colour of death and mourning while Japan and most of Asia, it is white. Shoe manufacturer Nike experienced firsthand the importance of imagery and symbolism in international marketing. The company emblazoned a new line of shoes with the word â€Å"Air† written to resemble flames or heat rising off blacktop. There were other names given to the shoes such as Air Bakin’, Air Melt, Air Grill and Air B-Que. But what Nike did not realize that the squiggly lines of the â€Å"Air† logo resembled Arabic script for â€Å"Allah†, the Arabic name for God. Under threat of worldwide boycott by Muslims, who considered it a sacrilege, Nike recalled the shoes and agreed to build several playgrounds in Muslim communities as part of its apology. The importance of aesthetics is just a great when going international using the Internet. When going global an internet presence, the more a company localizes the better. For example, a black-and-white Web site is fine for many countries, but in Asia visitors may think you are inviting them to a funeral. So, the web designer must beware and take concern on choosing colour scheme. Finally, music is also deeply embedded in culture and should be considered when developing promotions. When used correctly, music can be clever and creative addition to a promotion; if used incorrectly, it can be offensive to the local population. The architecture of buildings and other structures should also be researched to avoid making cultural blunders attributable to the symbolism of certain shapes and forms. Values and attitudes Issues Values are important to both individuals and groups. Values are ideas, beliefs and customs to which people are emotionally attached. Values include things like honesty, marital faithfulness, freedom and responsibility. While, attitudes mean to positive or negative evaluations, feelings and tendencies that individuals harbor toward objects or concepts. Attitudes reflect underlying values. Cultural knowledge can help managers decide whether promotions must be adapted to local attitudes in order to maximize the effectiveness of promotional efforts. For instance, it is often believed that people around the world respond similarly toward technological products, so advertising agency Euro RSGG Worldwide surveyed consumers about their attitudes toward technology and their use of technological products in purchasing situations. Among other things, the survey revealed that consumers in the United Kingdom were far more likely to purchase online than Italian and German consumers. It also found that Web sites were useful in Finland as a source of information on technological products but were considered not at all useful by Italians. There are three important aspects of life that directly affect business activities which is attitudes toward time, work and achievement, and cultural change. Examples for attitudes toward time, people in Latin American and Mediterranean cultures are casual about their use of time if compare to the people in Japan and the United States. The Latin, they maintain flexible schedules and would rather enjoy their time than sacrifice it to unbending efficiency. In contrast, people in Japan and the United States typically arrive promptly for meetings, keep tight schedules, and work long hours. An American who has worked in the Middle East for 20 years explains the Middle Eastern concept of the time this way:†A lot of the misunderstandings between Middle Easterners and the foreigners are due to their different concepts of time and space. At worst, there is no concept at all of time in the Middle East. At best, there is a sort of open-ended concept. † (Irwin McGraw-Hill, 1999, p. 263). For attitudes toward work, people in southern France like to say, â€Å"We work to live, while people in the United States live to work. † Work, they say, is for them a means to an end. In the United States, they change; it is an end in itself. Not surprising, the lifestyle in southern France is slower-paced. People tend to concentrate on earning enough money to enjoy a relaxed, quality lifestyle. Businesses practically close down during August, when many workers take month-long paid holidays, usually outside the country. In contrast, this attitude is unheard of in many Asian countries, including Japan. Manners and Customs Issues Understanding others manners and customs helps managers to avoid embracing mistakes and improve the ability to negotiate in other cultures, market products effectively and manage international operations. Appropriate ways of behaving, speaking, and dressing in a culture are called manners. In Arab cultures from the Middle East to northwest Africa, one does not extend a hand to greet an older person unless the elder first offers the greeting. In going first, a younger person would be displaying bad manners. Moreover, because Arab culture considers the left hand the one used for personal hygiene, using it to pour tea or serve a meal is considered very bad manners. Good manners are just as important internationally as when doing business in the home market. Conducting business during meals is common practice in the United States. In Mexico, however, it is poor manners to bring up business discussions in Mexico typically begin when coffee and brandy arrive. Likewise, toasts in the United States tend to be casual and sprinkled with lighthearted humor. In Mexico, where a toast should be philosophical and full of passion, a lighthearted toast would be offensive. When habits or ways behaving in specific circumstances are passed down through generations, they become customs. Customs differ from manners in that they define appropriate habits or behaviors in specific situations. Sharing food gifts during Islamic holy month of Ramadan is a custom. Although giving token gifts to business and government associates is customary in many countries, the proper type of gift varies. A knife, for example, should not be offered to associates in Russia, France, or Germany, where it signals the severing of a relationship. In Japan, gift must be wrapped in such a delicate way it is wise to ask someone trained in the practice to do the honors. It is also Japanese custom not to open a gift in front of the gift giver. So, businesspeople must always keep in mind to their clients’ customs to avoid making embarrassing mistakes or offending people. Personal Communication and Body Language Issues People in every culture have a communication system or a body language to convey thoughts, feeling, and information. Understanding a culture’s spoken language gives us great insight into why people think and act the way that they do. Understanding a culture’s body language helps us avoid sending unintended or embarrassing messages. A lingua franca is a third or â€Å"link† language that is understood by two parties who speak different native languages. The importance of understanding the local language in business is becoming increasingly apparent on the internet. English is the language of roughly two-thirds of all Web pages on the Internet. That is why software solutions providers are assisting companies from English-speaking countries in adapting their Web sites for global e-business. Advertising slogans and company documents must be translated carefully so that messages are received precisely as intended. There are many stories of companies making terrible language blunders in their international business dealings. General Motors’ Chevrolet division made perhaps the most well-known blunder when it first launched its Chevrolet Nova in Spanish-speaking markets. The company failed to notice beforehand that â€Å"No va† means â€Å"No go† in Spanish. Body language communicates through unspoken cues, including hand gestures, facial expressions, eye contact, physical greetings and the manipulation of personal space. For example, navigating all-important handshake in international business can be tricky. In the United States it is a firm grip and can include several pumps of the arm. But in the Middle East and Latin America a softer clasp of the hand with little or no arm pump is the custom and some country, like Japan, people do not shake hands at all, but bow to each other. Bows of respect carry different meanings, usually depending on the recipient. Associates of equal standing bow about 15 degrees toward one another. But proper respect for an elder requires a bow of about 30 degrees. Lastly, bow for apology is about 45 degrees. Conclusion Essentially, we are experiencing differences in culture which the set of values, beliefs, rules, and institutions held by a specific group of people. Culture is a highly complex portrait of a people. It includes everything from high-tea in England, to the tropical climate of Barbados, to Mardi Gras in Brazil, to segregation of the sexes in Saudi Arabian schools. Every country got theirs aesthetics, values and attitudes, manners and customs and personal communication and body language. Businesspeople must be always sensitive to the local culture, so that, they will be success in their business in international. References Ball, D. McCulloch, W. (1999). International Business: The Challenge of Global Competition 7th edition. The McGraw-Hill Companies. Griffin, R. Pustay, M. (1996). International Business: A managerial Perspective. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company. Phatak, A. (1997). International Management: Concepts and Cases. South-Western College Publishing.

Biography of Bill Gates, Co-Founder of Microsoft

Bill Gates (born Oct. 28, 1955) is the principal co-founder of Microsoft Corp., the world’s largest personal-computer software company and one of the largest and most influential technology companies in the world. Since he stepped down as chairman of Microsoft Corp., he has focused on and contributed billions of dollars to several charities, especially the Bill Melinda Gates Foundation, the worlds largest private charitable foundation. Fast Facts: Bill Gates Known For: Co-founder of MicrosoftAlso Known As: William Henry Gates IIIBorn: Oct. 28, 1955  in Seattle,  WashingtonParents: William H. Gates Sr., Mary MaxwellPublished Software: MS-DOSSpouse: Melinda French GatesChildren: Jennifer, Rory, PhoebeNotable Quote: I think its fair to say that personal computers have become the most empowering tool weve ever created. Theyre tools of communication, theyre tools of creativity, and they can be shaped by their user. Early Life Bill Gates (full name: William Henry Gates III) was born on Oct. 28, 1955, in Seattle, Washington, the son of William H. Gates Sr., an attorney, and Mary Maxwell, a businesswoman and bank executive who served  on the University of Washington Board of Regents from 1975 to 1993. He has two sisters. Gates wrote his first  software  program at 13 and in high school  was part of a group, which also included childhood friend Paul Allen, that computerized their school’s payroll system and developed Traf-O-Data, a traffic-counting system that they sold to local governments. Gates and Allen wanted to start their own company immediately, but Gates parents wanted him to finish high school and go on to college, hoping he eventually would become a lawyer. In 1975 Gates, then a sophomore at  Harvard University in Boston, Massachusetts, joined Allen, who was working as a programmer for Honeywell near Boston, to write software for the first  microcomputers, later called PCs. They started by adapting  BASIC, a popular programming language for large computers. Starting Microsoft With the success of this project, Gates left Harvard during his junior year and, with Allen, moved to Albuquerque, New Mexico, planning to develop software for the newly emerging personal computer market. In 1975 they started what Allen named Micro-Soft by combining micro from microcomputers and soft from software. The hyphen later was dropped. In 1979, they moved the company to Bellevue, Washington, just east of Seattle. Microsoft became famous for its computer operating systems and killer business deals. In 1980, Gates and Allen licensed an  operating system  called  MS-DOS  to IBM, at the time the worlds largest computer maker, for its first microcomputer, the  IBM PC. They were smart enough to retain the right to license the operating system to other companies, which eventually made them a fortune. Finding Success By 1983, the year Allen left the company for health reasons, Microsofts reach had become global with offices in Great Britain and Japan and 30% of the worlds computers running on its software. A few years earlier, Gates had developed a partnership with Apple to work on some shared projects. Gates soon realized that Apples graphics interface, which displayed text and images on the screen and was driven by a mouse, appealed to the average user more than Microsofts text-and-keyboard-driven MS-DOS system. He launched an ad campaign claiming that Microsoft was developing an operating system that would use a graphic interface similar to Apples products. Called Windows, it would be compatible with all MS-DOS system software. The announcement was a bluff—Microsoft had no such program under development—but it was sheer genius as a marketing tactic: It would encourage people using MS-DOS to wait for new Windows software releases instead of changing to another system, such as Apples Macintosh. In November 1985, nearly two years after his announcement, Gates and Microsoft launched Windows.  Then, in 1989, Microsoft launched Microsoft Office, which bundled office applications such as Microsoft Word and Excel into one system. Perils of Success All the while, Gates was defending Microsoft against lawsuits and Federal Trade Commission and Department of Justice investigations of claims charging unfair dealings with computer manufacturers. Yet the innovation continued. Windows 95 was launched in 1995 and in 2001 Microsoft debuted the original Xbox gaming system. Microsoft appeared untouchable. In 2000, Gates stepped down as Microsoft CEO and was succeeded by Harvard friend and longtime Microsoft executive Steve Ballmer. Gates assumed the new role of chief software architect. In 2008 Gates left his daily job at Microsoft but retained his position as board chairman until 2014, when he stepped down as chairman but retained a board seat and began serving as technology adviser. Marriage and Family On Jan. 1, 1994, Gates married Melinda French, who has an MBA and a bachelors degree in computer science and met him while she was working at Microsoft. They have three children—Jennifer, Rory, and Phoebe—and live in Xanadu 2.0,  a  66,000-square-foot mansion overlooking Lake Washington  in  Medina, Washington. Philanthropy Gates and his wife founded the Bill Melinda Gates Foundation with the mission of improving the quality of life for people around the world, primarily in the areas of global health and learning. Their initiatives have ranged from funding tuition for 20,000 college students to installing 47,000 computers in 11,000 libraries in all 50 states. In 2005, Bill and Melinda Gates and rock star Bono were named Time magazine persons of the year for their charitable work. According to the foundations website, in 2019, the foundation had made nearly $65 million in grants by mid-April to recipients around the world. The foundation is led by CEO Sue Desmond-Hellmann and co-chair William H. Gates Sr., under the direction of Bill and Melinda Gates and Warren Buffett. Legacy Back when Bill Gates and Paul Allen announced their  intention to put a computer in every home and on every desktop, most people scoffed. Until then, only the government and large corporations could afford computers. But within only a few decades, Gates and Microsoft had indeed brought computer power to the people. Gates also has had an impact on millions of people throughout the world with his charitable efforts, especially with the Bill Melinda Gates Foundation, and he has made large personal donations to a number of educational institutions. Sources About Bill. Gatesnotes.com.Bill Gates: American Computer Programmer, Businessman, and Philanthropist. Encyclopedia Britannica.Bill Gates Biography: Entrepreneur, Philanthropist. Biography.com.Awarded Grants. Gatesfoundation.org.

Essay on Autism Spectrum Disorder and its Comorbidities

Autism spectrum disorder is complex in and of itself but that complexity is only compounded by the comorbid conditions that can come with it. Some of these include sensory processing disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, and seizures. Understanding the disorder and its comorbid conditions is challenging yet important for parents, medical professionals, and educators. A common comorbidity of autism spectrum disorder is sensory processing disorder. Sensory processing disorder is the breakdown in the way the nervous system receives sensory input and translates it into the appropriate responses, motor and behavioral (Sensory Processing Disorder Explained, 2014). In the normal process, the first step there is some kind of sensory†¦show more content†¦This can cause difficulty in functioning with every day activities especially in a classroom setting. In the book The Challenging Child, Stanley Greenspan (1996) explained sensory processing disorder in this way; Imagine driv ing a car that isnt working well. When you step on the gas the car sometimes lurches forward and sometimes doesnt respond. When you blow the horn it sounds blaring. The brakes sometimes slow the car, but not always. The blinkers work occasionally, the steering is erratic, and the speedometer is inaccurate. You are engaged in a constant struggle to keep the car on the road, and it is difficult to concentrate on anything else (Greenspan, 1996, p. 4).† Interestingly, most people who suffer from sensory processing disorder do not have autism spectrum disorder. However, the majority of people with autism spectrum disorder have sensory processing disorder. In fact, studies performed by the Sensory Processing Disorder Foundation have showed that 75% of people with autism spectrum disorder will have sensory processing disorder (Sensory Processing Disorder Explained, 2014). Another common comorbidity of autism spectrum disorder is obsessive compulsive disorder. Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a brain and behavior disorder where the person has unreasonable fears and thoughts that they have to do certain ritualistic or repetitive behaviors. The fear part of the disorderShow MoreRelatedA Research Topic On Autism Spectrum Disorder Essay965 Words   |  4 PagesResearch Topic: NEW 9-28-16 Ariel Robinson Autism Spectrum Disorder is a developmental disorder that displays characteristics of impairments in social interactions and communication, obsessive interests, and repetitive behaviors.1 The DSM-5 characterizes Autism Spectrum Disorder as range of symptoms with varying severity, hence the term â€Å"spectrum†.2 Currently, scientists do not know the exact cause of autism. However, it is agreed upon that the underlying cause is highly likely to be influencedRead MoreThe Characteristics Of Autism Spectrum Disorders ( Asd )949 Words   |  4 Pages 1. What are the characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)? As described in the textbook, there is a broad range of characteristics associated with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). 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Case Study Auditing and Assurance †Free Sample Solution

Questions: Case Study 1: As a result of work undertaken during the planning stage and audit evidence collected for the tests of controls stages of the audit, Robert Smith has determined that there is a low risk of material misstatement (low inherent and control risk) for the following account balances: Wages and salaries Electricity Repairs and maintenance Due to the expected reliability of these controls, Robert has undertaken extensive testing of the controls regarding these account balances, and has concluded that the controls are reliable. Required: Identify one substantive audit procedure for each of the account balances above that will provide sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the accuracy of that account balance. Case Study 2: You are reviewing your audit assistants work for Orange Pty Ltd for the year ended 30 June 2015, and note the following matters: Your audit assistant undertook a test of controls for 50 sales transactions. This test resulted in three errors. When planning the test, a tolerable error of 5 per cent had been established. The audit assistants working papers noted that none of the errors found were materials, either individually or in aggregate, and she therefore concluded that the controls were reliable. Your audit assistants working papers on the accounts payable testing contain the following notes and conclusion: In order to test accounts payable, I selected all balances over $100,000 and vouched these to supporting invoices. The sample selected comprised $2,565,650 of total accounts payable of $5,168,000. One invoice for $102,500 had been incorrectly recorded on the accounts payable listing, as the goods were not actually received until after year end. Given the error relates to only 4% of accounts payable tested, which would be a total error of $206,702 of the overall accounts payable balance, it is not material as this is less than the materiality level set for this audit and, therefore, no further work has been performed. I am satisfied that the accounts payable balance of Orange is fairly stated. Required: Comment on the appropriateness of your audit assistants conclusions in each of the above situations. Answers: Case Study 1 Substantive audit procedures for wages and salaries Robert had undertaken accrued wages as well as salary account at the end of accounting period. Most of the audit works on wage system performs at the time of interim period for substantive audit procedures (Whittington 2011). It confirms payroll costs as well as wages accruals as a final part of audits. Interim audit work on wages depends upon normal stages of recording, testing internal controls as well as evaluating for the same. It is advisable in using computer as an audit tool for testing data as well as audit software. It employs at interim period as well as final audit of wages. Testing data consists of data submission by an auditor for application controls like data validation checks. It uses valid as well as invalid transactions for checking operational control at the same time. It tests for ensuring accuracy levels as well as completeness of balances in respect with wages costs and payroll deductions. It enables observing clocking procedures as well as supervision levels in selected payroll agreed hours (Reding 2011). Wages and salaries needs to be audited as per the given rules as well as substantive audit procedures as far as possible. Auditors require proper evaluation in implementation of audit software for conducting audit report at the end of the financial year. Substantive audit procedures for electricity Robert needs to evaluate business in accordance with auditing procedures for assisting financial health of organization. Electricity is one of the expenses that are borne by companies and industries. Companies have different types of internal controls in case of expenses like electricity (Pflugarth 2011). Some invoices include certain signature levels as well as written contract requirements. It requires reasonableness check on ordinary variable expenses like electricity. Having bill from two electric companies taken from one location and causes in case of audit flag. It should have one electricity supplier for the same. Electricity should be received and paid on timely manner. Auditors require selection of random invoices for electricity bill. It needs proper original documentation in against paid amount as well as finding mistakes at the same time (Louwers 2011). Substantive audit procedures for repairs and maintenance Robert needs classify asset because it will; help in recording of fixed assets in correct form. It classifies as capital assets. It ensures capitalization of recording of major part of fixed assets. For instance, repair and maintenance costs treated as expenses as well as significant amount spent for asset improvement at the same time (Leung 2011). It ensures capitalization of additional asset values in an overall manner. Auditors requires in examining selected repair and maintenance work for supporting essential transactions for determination of capitalization of repair costs. Audit procedures for repairs and maintenance include presentation as well as disclosure in the financial statements. It requires testing details in account balances uses by auditor professional in the near future. Professional judgment determines in scrutinizing balanced accounts in case of repairs as well as maintenance in the most appropriate way. Variation as well as allocation ensures examining invoices fo r future analysis purpose (Hooks 2011). Case Study 2 (1). On reviewing Orange Pty Ltd, it is noticed that occurs three potential sampling errors on 50 sales transactions. On planning test, it got around 5 percent tolerable errors that need consideration as far as possible. Audit risk includes uncertainties for sampling attributes for factors at the end of financial year (Hall and Hall 2011). It includes aspects from audit risk like sampling risk as well as non-sampling risk. It provides reliable information from the internal control of audit transaction in Orange Pty Limited. It accepts uncertainty caused from cost and time requirements for future analysis purpose. It examines data as well as adverse consequences in possible erroneous conclusion from data sampling techniques. Sample evaluation relates with likelihood from existing monetary misstatements as well as deviations in and from prescribed controls on proportionate terms. It selects non-statistical analysis for statistical sampling that affects auditors decision-making process (Aren s 2011). (2). Part A After evaluating Orange Pty Ltd annual report, it tests for account payable options as selection of balances $100000 and vouched for supporting invoices. Sampling requires testing accounts payable for current liabilities for Orange Pty Limited. It ensures acquisition of goods for resale by the manufacturer (Whittington 2011). Accounts payable refers as obligations for credit transactions at the same time. It reports gross method as well as net method in purchase assertions in case of cost of goods sold. It requires reconciliation of accounts payable ledger in accordance with control account for future analysis purpose. It ensures purchase cut offs in determination of purchased goods for analytical procedures. It involves cash disbursements in recording payables in the most appropriate way. In case of audit report, auditors need to calculate receivable reports at the same time. Sampling selected consists of $2565650 that totals amounting to accounts payable as $5168000. Invoices compr ises for $102500 as it is incorrectly recorded. It ensures accounts payable in listing of goods in way of account payable options as mentioned in the balance sheet of Orange Pty Ltd. Auditors need to review at the trend lines of sales as well as accounts payable as unusual trends. It helps in measuring accounts payable collection period at the same time (Hall and Hall 2011). Part B In this particular question, errors records only 4% of accounts payable tests for total error of $206702. It sets for materiality set in audit process in final audit process in the most appropriate way. On critical analysis, it is stated that Orange Pty Ltd is fairly stated in the financial statements in the near future. Auditors requires in reviewing selected credit memos as per audit report analysis. It assess entries related to provision for bad as well as doubtful debts as per the business environment (Whittington 2011). Auditors need to evaluate in the account payable attributes as per the test errors for future analysis purpose. It records auditing errors for setting solutions for the material misstatement in the financial statement analysis of Orange Pty Limited. Reference List Arens, A. (2011).Auditing, assurance services ethics in Australia. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: Pearson Australia. Hall, J. and Hall, J. (2011).Information technology auditing and assurance. Mason, Ohio: Thomson/South-Western. Hooks, K. (2011).Auditing and assurance services. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Leung, P. (2011).Modern auditing assurance services. Milton, Qld.: John Wiley. Louwers, T. (2011).Auditing assurance services. New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Pflugarth, G. (2011).Auditing, assurance and ethics handbook 2011. [Frenchs Forest, N. S. W.]: Pearson Australia. Reding, K. (2011).Internal auditing. Altomonte Springs, Fla. Whittington, O. (2011).Principles of auditing other assurance services. [Place of publication not identified]: Irwin Mcgraw-Hill.